Stinger Causes, Symptoms & Treatment Options

Overview

A stinger, also known as a burner, is an injury affecting the network of nerves in the neck and shoulder. The terms describe the sharp, stinging, or burning sensation that often radiates from the shoulder down to the hand. This injury usually results from trauma to the brachial plexus, the bundle of nerves connecting the spine to the arm.

Stingers are especially common in athletes who play contact sports such as football, rugby, or wrestling. Fortunately, most stinger injuries are mild, and symptoms, including pain, tingling, or temporary weakness, typically resolve quickly with rest and proper care.

What causes Stinger?

A stinger usually occurs when the head is forcefully pushed downward and sideways, pinching the nerves in the brachial plexus. This often happens during a fall or collision on the field. Football players are particularly at risk, with studies suggesting that nearly half of all college football players have experienced this injury.

How the Injury Occurs

• Direct impact: A sudden hit to the shoulder or neck can compress or stretch the nerves.
• Overstretching: Extending the arm or neck beyond its normal range can irritate the brachial plexus.
• Poor posture or repetitive strain: Slouching or repeated overhead motions can weaken the nerves over time.

Common Everyday Causes

• Car accidents: Sudden jolts or collisions can stretch or compress the neck nerves.
• Heavy lifting: Incorrect lifting techniques can strain the shoulder and neck nerves.
• Sleeping awkwardly: Sleeping with the neck in a twisted position can occasionally trigger nerve irritation.

Stinger Injuries Are Most Common In These Sports

• Hockey: High-speed collisions and checks increase the risk of nerve injuries.
• Football: Tackles and falls frequently stretch or compress the brachial plexus.
• Rugby: Physical contact and scrums make nerve injuries more likely.

Symptoms

A stinger typically causes a stinging, electric-shock-like sensation, usually in one arm. Symptoms often last from a few seconds to several minutes, though they can occasionally persist longer. Common symptoms include:

• Burning sensation: A sharp, intense feeling that runs from the shoulder down the arm.
• Numbness: Reduced or lost sensation in the affected arm or hand.
• Muscle weakness: Temporary loss of strength in the arm, hand, or fingers.
• Arm feels “dead” or limp: Difficulty moving the arm due to nerve irritation.

Non-operative treatment

Rest is the most effective treatment for stingers and burners. Athletes should avoid sports or strenuous activity until symptoms fully resolve.

Other conservative treatments include:

• Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs): Medications like ibuprofen or naproxen can help reduce pain and inflammation.
• Physical therapy: Targeted exercises improve range of motion and strengthen neck and shoulder muscles to prevent future injuries.

With proper rest and care, most stinger injuries heal quickly without long-term complications.

Try these exercises to help address your condition:

Below is a PDF of the Exercise Program

Stinger

Surgical Treatment

Surgery is not usually required for a typical stinger injury. However, if an athlete has sustained a more serious injury, such as damage to the spinal cord, surgical intervention may be necessary. Your doctor will recommend the most appropriate course of action based on your condition.